Jíbaros (small farmers of primarily Hispanic descent) constituted the overwhelming majority of the Puerto Rican population until the mid-twentieth century. Their most popular instruments were relatives of the Spanish vihuela, especially the cuatro—now with ten strings in five double courses—and the lesser known tiple. A typical jíbaro group nowadays might feature a cuatro, guitar, and percussion instrument such as the güiro scraper and/or bongo.

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